Research Adaptation

The lion in this painting refers to the lives of immigrants in foreign countries. A lion will never intend to catch a fish, no matter how starved it is. Likewise, most immigrants are struggling, challenging, and risking just for survival. The river is like the social construct that will drain the lion gradually by a lot of discrimination (especially accent discrimination here).  I believe most immigrants are here because they do not have a choice.

Research Essay

UNNECESSARY OVERLOOK

Cover Letter

According to Wikipedia, Language is a structured system of comm that consists of grammar and vocabulary. It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and signed forms, and may also be conveyed through writing. Human language is characterized by its cultural and historical diversity, with significant variations observed between cultures and across time. If I get to paraphrase the definition according to my lifetime experience, it is almost impossible to speak a second language in the perfect sense. Wikipedia clearly states that every language is characterized by its cultural and historical diversity which means different languages have different identities that indicate their selfness, their geography and their history across time. It’s been a while I’ve been doing yoga three days a week. It’s still really really challenging for me even after couple of months of practicing. Honestly, I cannot even lay down in the right position because of my wrong body posture. Sometimes, I complained her for going too hard on me but she told me they are just basis and the struggle was because of  being in the wrong body posture for 20 years. I really appreciate that she was trying her best to align my body to the right position. However, correcting the way somebody speaks a language especially the ascent is a totally different page because the ascent is the identity of their background culture and it defines who they really are. It is like asking someone to change their identity. Converting the identity just to integrate yourself into the community does not sound right to me. And I am pretty sure they will get drained eventually. Language, in many ways, is more than just a tool for communication. It is memory, identity, and belonging combined into sounds and expressions that people carry throughout their lives. Every accent, pronunciation, and rhythm of speech reflects where a person comes from, the environment they grew up in, and the people who shaped them. That is why I believe mastering a second language in a completely “perfect” sense is almost impossible. At the same time, I understand why many people try so hard to change the way they speak. Society often associates certain accents with intelligence and social status. Immigrants and international students especially experience pressure to sound native in order to integrate more easily into a community. However, there is an important difference between improving communication and abandoning identity. Learning pronunciation for clarity can be helpful because language exists to create understanding between people. But forcing someone to completely overcome the sound of their origins is psychologically exhausting. It creates a constant self-awareness where every sentence becomes a performance instead of a natural expression. What makes this even more complicated is that native speakers themselves are not following the same pattern. English spoken in New York sounds different from English spoken in Texas, London, Australia, or Singapore. Even within the same country, accents reveal class, region, ethnicity, and generation. Personally, I think the beauty of language lies exactly in these imperfections and variations. A foreign accent tells a story. Perhaps the goal of language learning should not be perfection, but connection. Communication becomes meaningful not when every word sounds flawless, but when people understand each other. In the end, language is not only about sounding correct. It is about expressing a human experience without losing yourself in the process.

ACCENT BIASES IN SOCIETY ESPECIALLY IN EMPLOYMENT

            Have you ever noticed that mother in many languages starts with an “m” sound? It is because “m” is one of the easiest, earliest sounds that infants can produce. Even for the infants who have not learned proper ways to speak, they use different kinds of “m” sound according to their nature, their parents, and their surroundings, like in my language, mother sounds like “May May”, in Korean, it sounds like “Eomma”, and here it is like “Ma Ma”. What I am trying to say is that it is almost impossible to resist one’s mother tongue, so the accent reveals who they really are when speaking foreign languages.

However, some people believe that speaking a new language should be in the same tone as the native speakers, and they somehow discriminate against people with an accent. “An accent is simply a way of speaking shaped by a combination of geography, social class, education, ethnicity and first language. I have one; you have one; everybody has one. There is no such thing as perfect, neutral or unaccented English, or Spanish, for that matter, or any other language. To say that someone does not have an accent is as believable as saying that someone does not have any facial features.” (Agudo, 2018) Roberto Rey Agudo, who is a linguist, language educator, and researcher who focuses on bilingualism, language learning, and the social impact of language and accents, clearly states that accent is not a flaw, it is just a part of self-identity, without the accent it is not possible to distinguish each other.  He also teaches Spanish and works in language education in the United States. For example, in my mother language, we don’t have the “R” sound, so every time I pronounce a word that contains “R”, I still feel awkward. For ending sounds as well, we don’t have any final clusters, which is why I still find it weird to extend the last sound for certain words.

 As far as I am concerned, there is no such thing that really represents perfection. If something is truly perfect, by definition, it can’t be improved; there’s nothing left to surpass. So if people keep pushing limits and doing better, that suggests what we called “perfection” wasn’t actually perfect, just the best we had at that moment. If people consider an accent a flaw, it is the flaw that makes you stand out among people. Imagine if every bilingual were capable of learning their second language ideally, they would be just a copy of original one. I just see accent as an art, it might have several forms, and represents different values according to the audience. “A notable exception is accents, a difference that is heard. Research reveals that accent is a fundamental dimension of personal perception and categorization (Pietraszewski & Schwartz,2014), suggesting that variation in accents is likely to be noticed and consequential for interpersonal relationships as well as affect one’s self-views and identity.” (Kinzler, Shutts & Correll, 2010) Those authors are psychologists whose research examines how language, accent, and social categories influence social preferences and identity formation. They suggest that accent is an important social signal. Pietraszewski & Schwartz argue accent is a distinct category the brain recognizes and Kinzler, Shutts & Correll show that even children use language and accent to form social preferences.

  But “We live in a society where standard accents are highly valued. Generally, people who speak with a Standard English accent are seen through a positive lens linguistically; those whose English is accented are stigmatized. Accent discrimination affects linguistic minorities from diverse linguistic and ethnic backgrounds, including foreign-accented English speakers.” (Winter, 2020). In “Other People’s English Accents Matter: Challenging Standard English Accent Hegemony”, Bodo Winter clearly states that our society prioritizes the standard value rather than individual distinction. They intend to discriminate against something different as something broken.

That is why most students find it challenging to choose their careers because of these unnecessary social constructions. “Self-consciousness and anxiety about accent bias are highest during university, particularly when approaching the end of a degree and facing entry into a chosen career. 35% of university students reported being self-conscious about their accent, a higher proportion than among university applicants (largely 17-18 year-olds) (24%) and professionals in the workplace (23%).”(Levon, Sharma, Ilbury, 2022). Erez Levon is a sociolinguist and Professor of Sociolinguistics at the University of Bern, where he also directs the Center for the Study of Language and Society (CSLS). Devyani Sharma is a sociolinguist known for her work on language variation, multilingualism, migration, and identity. She previously served as Professor and Head of Linguistics at Queen Mary University of London and later became Professor of Language and Communication at University of Oxford. Christian Ilbury is a sociolinguist and Senior Lecturer at the University of Edinburgh. These professors illustrate how self-consciousness of accent bias really affects some students who are at the threshold of their career, because they are afraid that their qualities might get underestimated because of their first impression upon their accents.

“Across life stages, there is concern about how someone’s accent could affect their ability to succeed in the future, a worry that was again highest for university students, at 33%, compared to 19% of employees and 18% of university applicants.  Many students reported having been mocked, criticized or singled out in educational settings due to their accents (30% of university students and 29% of university applicants). This was also experienced by professionals in work situations (25%). Employees report higher levels of being mocked or singled out for their accent in a social setting (46%), with a similar proportion of university applicants reporting the same (40%) and just under half of all university students (47%).” (Levon, Sharma, Ilbury, 2022). Accent discrimination is occurring both in educational fields, where people with specific accents get left out by others, and that is why those people find it difficult to integrate themselves into the community, leading them to fall behind in their education, as well as in professional career fields. Most employees feel like they do not belong where they are, and that is why there is no significant progression in their work.

 When I got here in 2024, I really struggled to get a job in the service industry since most employers prefer to have those who can communicate with customers fluently, like those who can entertain them with jokes. Unfortunately, it was not for me. However, I really could perform well even under the rushing pressure. I got denied from a lot of job interviews because of my accent. It is normal for humans to have stereotypical associations with accents. “However, if left unchecked, these biases and stereotypes can be used to judge independent skills and abilities, leading to discriminatory behavior. If gatekeepers favor candidates for reasons of prestige rather than merit, this can lead to a vicious circle, whereby non-traditional candidates are discriminated against, reducing their visibility in elite contexts and further marginalizing their accent.”  (Levon, Sharma, Ilbury, 2022). As doesn’t judge a book by its cover, no matter how long somebody stays in his professional field, it is not possible to be right a hundred percent statistically to judge a rookie.

 We can see accent discrimination, especially in immigrants, though they are the ones who are fulfilling the jobs that local and native people are not intended to do. “In reports published today by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, 70% of Latino and Asian immigrants said they perceived that immigrants in California experienced discrimination at work due to their skin color or accent.” (Torralba, 2021).  Elaiza Torralba is a health communications professional and public health writer. This statistical research only proved for a specific region, even though there are still a ton of people who are suffering these kinds of discrimination day by day.

In essence, just as there is no single solution for every problem, there is no single way to speak( Standard Form) in every language. Back in my high school, I felt left out in Math and English classes because I did not like to do exactly what I was told. I liked to challenge myself in a broad range of academic fields, like using different formulae for math and using different structures for English. So, I will keep speaking with my accent even though it is not the Standard English that most people value. My accent is my identity.

Reflection Essay

Believe it or not, this first semester was really challenging, as this is my very first time studying abroad, and it has been a couple of years since I left the education field. Especially, I gotta learn everything not in my mother language. I was not used to the school system at all, and the worst part was that I was working 6 days a week by the start of the semester, so I failed to manage my schedule properly. But after a couple of months, I found out that it’s not possible at all to move on with this schedule, so I decided to focus on my academics and quit one of my jobs. After that, I found myself a little bit comfortable with my studying journey.

Honestly, I am not a big fan of literary subjects, and I more prefer Science majors, like Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, but not Biology. However, to graduate, I need to study those majors as well. This semester, I did not research the classes much before I took them. I only prioritized time flexibility. And I am glad I ended up in this Eng class, that I had a chance to learn a lot of new things, like rhetorical situations that cover Context and Exigence, the investment and credentials of the author of the text, different genres including academic essays, personal essays, poems, and political ones. And now I can think about my intended audience when I am writing something, all thanks to those rhetorical worksheets. I am not in the advanced level of writing, but now I know the purpose, argument, evidence, and citation play important roles in the text. It is good to know about other kinds of English as well, and as I remember, in one of the lectures, the professor asked me why some white and other social influencers use African American Vernacular English (AAVE), I could not respond to that and lately I have been thinking about it and I believed this kind of English is really candid and I think there is no filter like the standard English and the influencers want their audience to indicate their transparency with that kind of English. During this semester, I did something new that I never imagined to, which is writing a poem. After learning Theme for English B, an excellent poem by Langston Hughe, I really like the way a poem conveys a message concisely, so I decided to make a poem for my Language and LLN adaptation, and I am really proud of how that poem turned out. Throughout the semester, there was a text that stole my heart was “Mother Tongue” by Amy Tan. I really like the way she breaks down the term of Broken English as Limited English and the text was really easy to understand. I also liked that she included the quote about what her mom talked about during the recent conversation, which she recorded. Honestly, I know her mom was not saying Standard English, but I totally got it what she was saying. Concerning the text, my research essay was about accent discrimination because I really admired how Amy Tan described how her life was limited because of her mother’s English so I would like to illustrate the consequences of accent discrimination.

In Essence, although my first semester studying abroad was challenging, it became a meaningful learning experience. Despite language barriers, I gained valuable knowledge and skills from this English class. I learned the importance of rhetorical concepts, audience awareness, and effective writing strategies, while also exploring different forms of English and literature. Through texts like Mother Tongue and my own writing experiences, I developed a deeper understanding of language, identity, and communication, which will continue to help me in my academic journey.

Research Essay

UNNECESSARY OVERLOOK

ACCENT BIASES IN SOCIETY ESPECIALLY IN EMPLOYMENT

            Have you ever noticed that mother in many languages starts with an “m” sound? It is because “m” is one of the easiest, earliest sounds that infants can produce. Even for the infants who have not learned proper ways to speak, they use different kinds of “m” sound according to their nature, their parents, and their surroundings, like in my language, mother sounds like “May May”, in Korean, it sounds like “Eomma”, and here it is like “Ma Ma”. What I am trying to say is that it is almost impossible to resist one’s mother tongue, so the accent reveals who they really are when speaking foreign languages.

However, some people believe that speaking a new language should be in the same tone as the native speakers, and they somehow discriminate against people with an accent. “An accent is simply a way of speaking shaped by a combination of geography, social class, education, ethnicity and first language. I have one; you have one; everybody has one. There is no such thing as perfect, neutral or unaccented English, or Spanish, for that matter, or any other language. To say that someone does not have an accent is as believable as saying that someone does not have any facial features.” (Agudo, 2018) Roberto Rey Agudo, who is a linguist, language educator, and researcher who focuses on bilingualism, language learning, and the social impact of language and accents, clearly states that accent is not a flaw, it is just a part of self-identity, without the accent it is not possible to distinguish each other.  He also teaches Spanish and works in language education in the United States. For example, in my mother language, we don’t have the “R” sound, so every time I pronounce a word that contains “R”, I still feel awkward. For ending sounds as well, we don’t have any final clusters, which is why I still find it weird to extend the last sound for certain words.

 As far as I am concerned, there is no such thing that really represents perfection. If something is truly perfect, by definition, it can’t be improved; there’s nothing left to surpass. So if people keep pushing limits and doing better, that suggests what we called “perfection” wasn’t actually perfect, just the best we had at that moment. If people consider an accent a flaw, it is the flaw that makes you stand out among people. Imagine if every bilingual were capable of learning their second language ideally, they would be just a copy of original one. I just see accent as an art, it might have several forms, and represents different values according to the audience. “A notable exception is accents, a difference that is heard. Research reveals that accent is a fundamental dimension of personal perception and categorization (Pietraszewski & Schwartz,2014), suggesting that variation in accents is likely to be noticed and consequential for interpersonal relationships as well as affect one’s self-views and identity.” (Kinzler, Shutts & Correll, 2010) Those authors are psychologists whose research examines how language, accent, and social categories influence social preferences and identity formation. They suggest that accent is an important social signal. Pietraszewski & Schwartz argue accent is a distinct category the brain recognizes and Kinzler, Shutts & Correll show that even children use language and accent to form social preferences.

  But “We live in a society where standard accents are highly valued. Generally, people who speak with a Standard English accent are seen through a positive lens linguistically; those whose English is accented are stigmatized. Accent discrimination affects linguistic minorities from diverse linguistic and ethnic backgrounds, including foreign-accented English speakers.” (Winter, 2020). In “Other People’s English Accents Matter: Challenging Standard English Accent Hegemony”, Bodo Winter clearly states that our society prioritizes the standard value rather than individual distinction. They intend to discriminate against something different as something broken.

That is why most students find it challenging to choose their careers because of these unnecessary social constructions. “Self-consciousness and anxiety about accent bias are highest during university, particularly when approaching the end of a degree and facing entry into a chosen career. 35% of university students reported being self-conscious about their accent, a higher proportion than among university applicants (largely 17-18 year-olds) (24%) and professionals in the workplace (23%).”(Levon, Sharma, Ilbury, 2022). Erez Levon is a sociolinguist and Professor of Sociolinguistics at the University of Bern, where he also directs the Center for the Study of Language and Society (CSLS). Devyani Sharma is a sociolinguist known for her work on language variation, multilingualism, migration, and identity. She previously served as Professor and Head of Linguistics at Queen Mary University of London and later became Professor of Language and Communication at University of Oxford. Christian Ilbury is a sociolinguist and Senior Lecturer at the University of Edinburgh. These professors illustrate how self-consciousness of accent bias really affects some students who are at the threshold of their career, because they are afraid that their qualities might get underestimated because of their first impression upon their accents.

“Across life stages, there is concern about how someone’s accent could affect their ability to succeed in the future, a worry that was again highest for university students, at 33%, compared to 19% of employees and 18% of university applicants.  Many students reported having been mocked, criticized or singled out in educational settings due to their accents (30% of university students and 29% of university applicants). This was also experienced by professionals in work situations (25%). Employees report higher levels of being mocked or singled out for their accent in a social setting (46%), with a similar proportion of university applicants reporting the same (40%) and just under half of all university students (47%).” (Levon, Sharma, Ilbury, 2022). Accent discrimination is occurring both in educational fields, where people with specific accents get left out by others, and that is why those people find it difficult to integrate themselves into the community, leading them to fall behind in their education, as well as in professional career fields. Most employees feel like they do not belong where they are, and that is why there is no significant progression in their work.

 When I got here in 2024, I really struggled to get a job in the service industry since most employers prefer to have those who can communicate with customers fluently, like those who can entertain them with jokes. Unfortunately, it was not for me. However, I really could perform well even under the rushing pressure. I got denied from a lot of job interviews because of my accent. It is normal for humans to have stereotypical associations with accents. “However, if left unchecked, these biases and stereotypes can be used to judge independent skills and abilities, leading to discriminatory behavior. If gatekeepers favor candidates for reasons of prestige rather than merit, this can lead to a vicious circle, whereby non-traditional candidates are discriminated against, reducing their visibility in elite contexts and further marginalizing their accent.”  (Levon, Sharma, Ilbury, 2022). As doesn’t judge a book by its cover, no matter how long somebody stays in his professional field, it is not possible to be right a hundred percent statistically to judge a rookie.

 We can see accent discrimination, especially in immigrants, though they are the ones who are fulfilling the jobs that local and native people are not intended to do. “In reports published today by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, 70% of Latino and Asian immigrants said they perceived that immigrants in California experienced discrimination at work due to their skin color or accent.” (Torralba, 2021).  Elaiza Torralba is a health communications professional and public health writer. This statistical research only proved for a specific region, even though there are still a ton of people who are suffering these kinds of discrimination day by day.

In essence, just as there is no single solution for every problem, there is no single way to speak( Standard Form) in every language. Back in my high school, I felt left out in Math and English classes because I did not like to do exactly what I was told. I liked to challenge myself in a broad range of academic fields, like using different formulae for math and using different structures for English. So, I will keep speaking with my accent even though it is not the Standard English that most people value. My accent is my identity.

LLN Adaptation

LLN Adaptation

Like everything is difficult before it is easy, I got so overwhelmed by college since the education system is different from when I was in Asia. Back in Asia, though every lecture was taught in English, it was not a big deal to communicate with my classmates and professors. But here I was sort of intimidated. I felt left out. It’s been over a year since I became bilingual, but I wasn’t trained in school. I just spoke to my customers as a server, so I felt distanced from my classmates. However, I learned that what you see as a flaw is necessary to become better. And I was just fulfilling all my obligations for school without really getting them since I had been working 6 days a week. After deciding to work only weekends, I got comfortable integrating myself into the classroom. It felt so good when you found out you are more than what you underestimated yourself. It is all because of Mother Tongue, by Amy Ton that illustrates there is nothing wrong with not speaking standard English and all the presentations of my classmates, especially by bilinguals like me, become my therapy sessions related to my language journey that encourage me to speak up more. And I also loved to hear their experiences when it comes to speaking English as their second language, each of them demonstrated all the struggles they got to get through and I believe this poem reflects on my journey of learning English, including them. As far as I am concerned, it was really difficult to use my second language in day to day activities instead of my mother tongue. Speaking a new language in a new environment is not just speaking the language, it is also changing a part of my identity to be the way of speaking it right. I felt limited every I speak English since it does not share the same rules with my mother tongue. I always worried that I might express something inappropriately. According to research, the best time to learn a new language is 10 years from birth, so imagine learning a new language in your 20s, and it is not because of your passion, but for your survival.  I believe this poem will reflect the audience who are also standing between two languages as I do, who always struggle because they are translating in their own language every time they intend to speak, who always find it awkward to comply with all the social and cultural norms, who always find it difficult to pronounce a particular word because that sound does not exist in their own language, who feel as if they are losing their identities, who is feeling exhausted to know all the idioms, phrases, and slangs, who are afraid to speak because of their accents and last but not least who will find a turning point to stand their ground and speak their second language confidently.Like everything is difficult before it is easy, I got so overwhelmed by college since the education system is different from when I was in Asia. Back in Asia, though every lecture was taught in English, it was not a big deal to communicate with my classmates and professors. But here I was sort of intimidated. I felt left out. It’s been over a year since I became bilingual, but I wasn’t trained in school. I just spoke to my customers as a server so I felt distanced from my classmates. However, I learned that what you see as a flaw is necessary to become better. And I was just fulfilling all my obligations for school without really getting them since I had been working 6 days a week. After deciding to work only weekends, I got comfortable integrating myself into the classroom. It felt so good when you found out you are more than what you underestimated yourself. It is all because of Mother Tongue, by Amy Ton that illustrates there is nothing wrong with not speaking standard English and all the presentations of my classmates especially by bilinguals like me become my therapist sections related to my language journey that encourage me to speak up. And I also loved to hear other classmates’ experiences who demonstratef, and I believe this poem that reflects on my journey of learning English, which is really differ from my mother tongue will indicate the audience who are also standing between two languages as me. According to research, the best time to learn a new language is 10 years from birth, so it is a lot challenging to study a new language in your 20s.

IN BETWEEN

I stand between two languages,

One flows like a melody,

The other-

A long way I must run, little by little.

A deep end I must stand,

Though mine goes straight,

It sounds different,

When there is only me or I,

Or when I see the letter R.

In a classroom filled with norms,

I chased the letters,

Repeat sounds,

Reflecting meanings that never felt like mine,

Words lied in books,

But never in my nerve.

Endless doors,

Endless rules,

Am I being tested,

Or am I being abused?

When different vowels hit different sounds.

Sentences raised-

Broken and Uncertain,

Like a road that was leading to nowhere,

And I wondered,

How can something still feel so far away,

That stayed with me for so long?

Then one day,

In a city full of strangers,

I stood my ground and spoke,

In a language I merely owned,

Not flawless,

But brave.

That was small,

To the world,

But it was earthshattering

To me.

Since then,

I have followed words like they are music,

Reading, listening, trying, collapsing,

Time and again.

A place between dedication and determination,

Patterns began to be shown,

Like shaping clouds,

In a sky I once thought was empty.

Still,

It does not feel like mine,

It lives in hesitant,

In pauses,

In quiet organizations behind every sentence.

But I believe in a day,

I will make it to the words,

Steadily and surely,

When I will no longer annotate my thoughts-

But simply use them.

And on that day,

A bilingual is reflected in the mirror.

And I will say-

I see me.